Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a fetal communication between right and left atria that usually close at birth as a result of decrease in pulmonary resistance and blood pressure in the right side of the heart. However, in the 25% of general population, it remains open leading to an increased risk of stroke and peripheral embolism because of paradoxical right to left shunt. Transcatheter patent foramen ovale closure is proved to be superior to antiplatelet therapy in preventing recurrent strokes in patients between ages of 18 and 60 with a previous cryptogenic cerebral ischemic event. Despite several studies confirming the safety and the efficacy of percutaneous PFO closure, complications can rarely occur and are classified into minor and major. We report the case of a 40-year-old female with PFO and history of ischemic stroke, who underwent percutaneous PFO closure and subsequent embolization of the device in pulmonary artery. The aim of this clinical case is to give an overview of the main complications that can happen during and after transcatheter PFO closure, to analyze the possible mechanisms, and to provide technical solutions to overcome them.

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Difficult Cases and Complications from Catheterization Laboratory: Case 1 Device Embolization After PFO Closure

  • Michele Antonio Cacia,
  • Paolo Pagnotta

摘要

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a fetal communication between right and left atria that usually close at birth as a result of decrease in pulmonary resistance and blood pressure in the right side of the heart. However, in the 25% of general population, it remains open leading to an increased risk of stroke and peripheral embolism because of paradoxical right to left shunt. Transcatheter patent foramen ovale closure is proved to be superior to antiplatelet therapy in preventing recurrent strokes in patients between ages of 18 and 60 with a previous cryptogenic cerebral ischemic event. Despite several studies confirming the safety and the efficacy of percutaneous PFO closure, complications can rarely occur and are classified into minor and major. We report the case of a 40-year-old female with PFO and history of ischemic stroke, who underwent percutaneous PFO closure and subsequent embolization of the device in pulmonary artery. The aim of this clinical case is to give an overview of the main complications that can happen during and after transcatheter PFO closure, to analyze the possible mechanisms, and to provide technical solutions to overcome them.