This chapter brings the threads of the book together as we attempt to answer our two questions: does religiously inspired and facilitated sexual predation differ from its secular counterpart, and do religions differ in the way they shape abuse? We begin by discussing misogyny and sexism as the chief framework within which sexual abuse and exploitation invariably takes place. All the major religions support a gendered division of labour, attempt to repress sexual urges, make women responsible for modesty and sexual continence, blame women for men’s rule-breaking, and disproportionately punish women for deviance, even when they are passive victims of abuse. From the sense of entitlement that drives men to take sex where it is not offered, through the opportunities for abuse, the method of exploitation, and the official reactions to such deviance abuse women and children; every element of the phenomenon is shaped by male domination and the major religions have all justified and promoted it. Against that background of religiously legitimated misogyny, the chapter divides the key elements of abuse into four sets: motive, opportunity, modus operandi, and institutional reaction. The chapter concludes with tentative answers to the questions posed at the beginning of the book. First, most elements of religiously inspired and facilitated sexual abuse also occur in the secular sphere, but the distinctive consequences of religion can be seen in the cumulative effect of small differences. For example, the abusers’ status as religious and spiritual leaders often placed them above suspicion and criticism, even in the eyes of many non-believers. Second, the underlying principle seems clear: the stricter the religion, the more likely sexual abuse.

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Does Religion Matter?

  • Marta Trzebiatowska,
  • Steve Bruce

摘要

This chapter brings the threads of the book together as we attempt to answer our two questions: does religiously inspired and facilitated sexual predation differ from its secular counterpart, and do religions differ in the way they shape abuse? We begin by discussing misogyny and sexism as the chief framework within which sexual abuse and exploitation invariably takes place. All the major religions support a gendered division of labour, attempt to repress sexual urges, make women responsible for modesty and sexual continence, blame women for men’s rule-breaking, and disproportionately punish women for deviance, even when they are passive victims of abuse. From the sense of entitlement that drives men to take sex where it is not offered, through the opportunities for abuse, the method of exploitation, and the official reactions to such deviance abuse women and children; every element of the phenomenon is shaped by male domination and the major religions have all justified and promoted it. Against that background of religiously legitimated misogyny, the chapter divides the key elements of abuse into four sets: motive, opportunity, modus operandi, and institutional reaction. The chapter concludes with tentative answers to the questions posed at the beginning of the book. First, most elements of religiously inspired and facilitated sexual abuse also occur in the secular sphere, but the distinctive consequences of religion can be seen in the cumulative effect of small differences. For example, the abusers’ status as religious and spiritual leaders often placed them above suspicion and criticism, even in the eyes of many non-believers. Second, the underlying principle seems clear: the stricter the religion, the more likely sexual abuse.