With increased urbanization, industrialization, and population growth, environmental pollution is becoming a severe problem. The biggest source of pollution is various sorts of pollutants released by various enterprises. The quality of water bodies is influenced by these industrial contaminants. Hazardous chemicals such as heavy metal ions, dyes, and organic contaminants are found in chemical industry wastewater discharges. Dye effluent discharge from various businesses is one of the most harmful sources of water contamination. Nanotechnology has recently emerged as an effective method for dye pollution cleanup. Water treatment and remediation is one of the most potential environmental applications of nanotechnology, since many nanomaterials can cleanse water through a number of processes, including dye, heavy metal, and other pollutant adsorption, pathogen inhibition and eradication, and the conversion of harmful materials into less harmful compounds. According to new research, biopolymers that are found in various organisms facilitate the production of nanomaterials having the potential to destroy organic contaminants via photocatalysis. Another method for degrading dye molecules in wastewater is to use green nanoparticles (NPs). This method of dye removal uses plant extracts or bacteria for producing nanoparticles which ensure minimum environmental pollution. The nanotechnological approach to dye remediation is viewed as a single, complete package that incorporates various procedural aspects of traditional approaches while reducing the cost of wastewater treatment plants.