The swift pace of industrialization has brought about significant environmental hazards, largely attributed to the increased release of pollutants into the environment. Among these, industries utilizing synthetic dyes across various applications stand out as a primary source of dye contaminants. These pollutants are often discharged into wastewater either untreated or with inadequate pretreatment, directly impacting water bodies and contributing to severe water pollution. Consequently, it becomes imperative to protect the environment from such contaminants and their adverse effects. Conventional treatment methods for dye-contaminated wastewater are typically expensive and may result in the production of secondary pollutants or by-produbts. Given these challenges, biological approaches are favored for treating effluents or dye-contaminated wastewater. Phycoremediation, an algae-based eco-friendly dye abatement technique, plays a vital role in remediating contaminated environments. This chapter highlights techniques for genetically altering phycoremediators and their effectiveness in mitigating toxic azo dyes from the environment. Additionally, it provides comprehensive insights into synthetic dyes, their classification, and potential adverse effects.