Abnormality-Driven Representation Learning for Radiology Imaging
摘要
Radiology deep learning pipelines predominantly employ end-to-end 3D networks based on models pre-trained on other tasks, which are then fine-tuned on the task at hand. In contrast, adjacent medical fields such as pathology, which focus on 2D images, have effectively adopted task-agnostic foundational models based on self-supervised learning (SSL), combined with weakly-supervised deep learning (DL). However, the field of radiology still lacks task-agnostic representation models due to the computational and data demands of 3D imaging and the anatomical complexity inherent to radiology scans. To address this gap, we propose Clear, a framework for 3D radiology images that uses extracted embeddings from 2D slices along with attention-based aggregation to efficiently predict clinical endpoints. As part of this framework, we introduce Lecl, a novel approach to obtain visual representations driven by abnormalities in 2D axial slices across different locations of the CT scans. Specifically, we trained single-domain contrastive learning approaches using three different architectures: Vision Transformers, Vision State Space Models and Gated Convolutional Neural Networks. We evaluate our approach across three clinical tasks: tumor lesion location, lung disease detection, and patient staging, benchmarking against four state-of-the-art foundation models, including BiomedCLIP. Our findings demonstrate that Clear, using representations learned through Lecl, outperforms existing foundation models, while being substantially more compute- and data-efficient. The code is available at https://github.com/KatherLab/CLEAR .