The larynx is a suspended structure in the neck with a high degree of versatility. It consists of a laryngeal skeleton connected by membranes and muscles. By virtue of plication and muscle contraction, the larynx can perform three main functions: breathing, phonation, and swallowing. Phonation requires three main components: a power source, an oscillator, and a resonator. A fine and delicate interplay between these components is essential for voice production. Other systems also contribute to phonation and should be considered in patients with voice disorders. This chapter provides an overview of the clinical anatomy and physiology of phonation.