Synthetic polymers have become a major part of our daily lives, with their production and use growing rapidly in recent years due to their strength, flexibility, ease of shaping, and low cost. However, the depletion of petroleum-based resources, along with environmental and economic concerns, has led to a stronger focus on natural polymers and the creation of safer, eco-friendly synthetic polymers. To ensure a sustainable future, there is an increasing effort to develop new sustainable polymers and materials, which can help reduce dependence on fossil-based materials. This chapter offers a detailed overview of the current state of polymer sustainability worldwide. It explores the environmental impacts of polymer production and disposal, looks at new methods to improve polymer sustainability, and discusses the economic and social effects of moving towards more sustainable practices. By examining new technologies, regulations, and global efforts, this chapter aims to provide a complete understanding of the challenges and opportunities in improving polymer sustainability on a global scale.