This chapter explores the fundamental theological and philosophical principles underlying Liberation Theology (LT), conceptualizing it as a radical departure from traditional Christian thought. The text undertakes an analysis of the concept of the “historical subject” of theology, contrasting the European perspective of Jürgen Moltmann with the Latin American view of Hugo Assmann, who grounds theology in the material struggles of the oppressed. The chapter then examines Juan Luis Segundo’s reconceptualization of revelation, faith, and the “signs of the times,” contending that LT transforms theology from a static orthodoxy into a dynamic orthopraxis. Revelation is not a set of doctrines; rather, it is a divine pedagogy discovered through participation in the humanizing struggles of the poor. The chapter’s conclusion asserts that LT represents an “internalized Catholicism of protest,” a theological expression that emerged directly from the contradictions inherent in Latin America’s developmentalist modernization process. Consequently, the chapter contends that the existence of LT is inextricably linked to a specific historical moment that has since come to a conclusion.