Climate change, resource shortages, and environmental degradation have caused a great global food and water crisis in recent eras. Population growth, urbanization, and increasing freshwater consumption also threaten food security and ecological health. Hence, understanding the contribution of food and water sustainability is crucial for sustainable development strategies and resource allocation. This chapter aims to find out the synergies and trade-offs between food and water sustainability and environmental consequences to create sustainable development and sustainable resource allocation strategies by evaluating the contributions of water and food sustainability to environmental protection. The study highlights the interconnectedness of food, water, and the Environment, highlighting significant challenges of population growth, urbanization, climate change, and ecological degradationlenges. It suggests solutions, including technical advances, legislative changes, and community-based methods to overcome food and water sustainability challenges. It emphasizes the importance of integrated water resource management, agroforestry, organic farming, and climate change adaptation to ensure food and water sustainability, which will contribute to achieving sustainable development goals in the long run.