Food safety is an important task in this scenario, and it is based on applying proper hygiene practices along the whole food production chain, from farm to table. The application of realistic, thorough, affordable, and efficient methods such as Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, Good Manufacturing Practices, Good Agricultural Practices, the use of lowcost technologies for traceability, frequent inspection and auditing, as well as education and training are necessary to ensure food safety. The challenges of food and water security in an increasingly interconnected world are closely linked to the health of people, animals, and the environment a concept known as the One Health approach. The first section of the text discusses the threats that climate change, population growth, and sociopolitical dynamics pose to the world’s food and water security today. It delves deeper into the safety concerns surrounding the production, distribution, use of food, water as well as the depletion of resources. Thus, unsanitary food and water practices will have an impact on food and water systems, leading to pollution, antibiotic resistance, and the emergence of infectious illnesses. These factors will then have an impact on ecosystems, animals, and human health. It does this through a variety of case studies and expert contributions. This Chapter explores the critical concerns surrounding the safety and security of food and water from a One Health standpoint, emphasizing the relationship between public health, agriculture, and ecosystems. It emphasizes how important it is for different stakeholders such as communities, governments, and scientists to work together in order to develop resilience against upcoming challenges.