Although the concept of racism comes after the other three key concepts in the lexical order in this book, this book devotes more time and space to the concept of racism because it is the hinge which the other concepts revolve around. So, this chapter explains the book’s conception of both the concept of race and the concept of racism, and why and how they play causal and constitutive roles in the enduring legacies of slavery, colonialism and apartheid which are simultaneously manifested and reflected in ongoing racism, in short, the Black condition. To this effect, the discussion in this chapter is divided into three parts. In the first part, the chapter teases out the concepts of race and racism. In the second part, the chapter explains the kind of moral analysis the book is concerned with and how this in turn informs the form of racism the book is concerned with. Then, in the third part, the chapter explains the causal and constitutive roles of racism in the Black condition.