Since the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain disruptions have become the biggest risk to the continuity and stability of the global economy. Therefore, assessing the vulnerability of supply chains and developing the best mitigation plans for high-impact disruptions to enhance supply chain resilience is crucial to the survival of public and private organizations. In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework for diagnosing the vulnerability of suppliers, logistic providers, and commodities for any size of multi-tier supply chain networks for private and public bodies. The framework is based on a supply chain digital twin that will be formed with the industrial Internet of Things technology for accessing field data, machine learning models for disruption prediction, simulation methods for disruption scenario analysis, and optimization methods for developing mitigation plans to minimize the impact of anticipated disruptions. The framework also exploits a deep learning-based surrogate model of the digital supply chain twin.