Tolling Dematerialization Use Cases
摘要
Road User Charging, Dynamic Congestion Pricing, Emissions Charging, and Urban Access Control are appearing worldwide as examples of more complex, dynamic, or rule-based types of road pricing. The existing tags/transponders or video recognition tolling solutions do not scale adequately for these use cases, whereas more dematerialized solutions such as Mobile Tolling, GNSS Tolling, or Vehicle to Everything (V2X) Tolling do. This paper describes A-to-Be’s research and development for these advanced use cases, how Mobile Tolling accuracy was enhanced using Bluetooth, how the V2X software stack was adapted to tolling and the overall trials with Mobile Tolling and V2X Tolling prototypes.