Chronic kidney disease is increasingly prevalent, driven by factors such as advanced age, diabetes mellitus or hypertension, which heighten the demand for haemodialysis and effective vascular access. The arteriovenous fistula is the preferred access due to lower rate of complications. We propose a care model centered on the person with an arteriovenous fistula, encompassing two dimensions: self-care, which empowers patients to adopt protective behaviors and detect dysfubction early, and surveillance, which includes physical examination, haemodynamic monitoring, management of complications and cannulation techniques. This model promotes an integrated, patient-centred approach, reinforcing the nurse’s role in maintaining arteriovenous fistula patency and the quality of haemodialysis treatment.