Population and cohort studies have become one of the main directions of biomedical research, the resource support of which is associated with the active development of a network of biobanks and extensive collections of biosamples. The key task of information support of modern biobanks is the effective management of information about biosamples and their donors, results of laboratory analyses, as well as optimization of human-robotic interaction while complying with ethical requirements and industry standards for quality assurance of the pre-analytical stage of research. This research applies the concept of “specimen life cycle traceability” to build a comprehensive biobank information management system based on analyzing user requirements, ethical and legal principles, and the requirements of industry standards for biosample quality. A laboratory information management system (LIMS) that integrates the management of research projects, biosamples, clinical information, quality control, and multidimensional information requests is established and demonstrated.