The sustainability of India's rivers has become a crucial issue in the Anthropocene, a time when significant changes to the planet's natural systems have been brought about by humans. Once considered sacred and vital, Indian rivers are today under a growing danger from a complex web of interrelated issues, including overexploitation, environmental degradation, climate change, and socioeconomic pressures. In order to provide comprehensive solutions that are in line with the reality of the Anthropocene, this chapter examines the key ideas, urgent problems, and complex obstacles surrounding river sustainability in India. To comprehend their applicability and importance in the Indian context, important conceptual frameworks including ecological rights of rivers, integrated river basin management, environmental flows, and river health are considered. Sand mining, habitat degradation, biodiversity loss, dam-induced flow interruptions, widespread pollution, and poor institutional coordination are some of the main challenges mentioned. Glacier retreat and unpredictable monsoons exacerbate this, indicating the growing influence of climatic variability on river systems. The chapter makes the case that in order to overcome these obstacles, river governance must change from disjointed, human-centric models to comprehensive, ecocentric ones that value the river as a living thing. Restoring natural flows, encouraging nature-based infrastructure, revitalizing traditional water knowledge, increasing community involvement, and fortifying institutional and legal frameworks are some of the suggested solutions.