Bangladesh, situated between the Himalayas and the Bay of Bengal, faces significant climate-induced challenges, notably from cyclones and storm surges impacting its coastal regions. The inhabitants of the Bengal delta have already experienced four huge devastating cyclones in last five decades, in 1970, 1991, 2007, and 2009. While advancements in early warning systems and infrastructure have reduced fatalities, the socio-economic repercussions, particularly for the impoverished coastal communities, remain profound. These communities often lead in substandard lifestyle and lack access to adequate fundamental needs, exacerbating their vulnerability. In response, the Government of Bangladesh has implemented various policies, including the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2009, the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100, and the National Adaptation Plan of Bangladesh (2023–2050). These frameworks aim to enhance resilience through both preventive and remedial measures, such as constructing cyclone shelters, developing warning systems, and providing emergency relief. Despite these efforts, challenges persist, including limited community participation, inadequate coordination among agencies, and a lack of targeted safety net programs for disaster-affected populations. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative data from in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with quantitative data from structured surveys. The research focused on assessing the effectiveness of Social Safety Net Programs (SSNPs) in alleviating the vulnerabilities of cyclone and storm surge victims in coastal Bangladesh. Findings indicate that while SSNPs provide essential short-term relief, their impact on long-term livelihood recovery is limited due to factors such as insufficient financial support, lack of community involvement, and the absence of dedicated programs for disaster-affected areas. The study identified several policy implications to enhance the effectiveness of SSNPs, including the development of comprehensive databases of affected populations, the establishment of dedicated safety net programs for disaster victims, and the incorporation of community input in program design and implementation. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the need for a shift toward adaptive measures that prioritize income generation, capacity building, and sustainable livelihoods, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals. By addressing these gaps, the study advocated for a more inclusive and effective approach to supporting the coastal poor in the face of climate-induced disasters.