Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) has a unique landscape and the largest forest cover in Bangladesh. The region is facing rapid environmental changes in recent times, which has escalated in the last two decades. Deforestation in various forms is destroying the forest cover of CHT and the impacts of climate change is affecting the local indigenous community’s livelihood in various ways by leading to a shortage of drinking water and natural resources, and temperature rise, etc. The people of CHT have suffered from the denial of their fundamental rights, political rights, and lack of access to equitable development initiatives. Furthermore, the development projects implemented in this region have often been marked by unfairness and a glaring absence of alignment with the local customary laws, the local people’s perspectives and their unique requirements. Such policies are creating livelihood problems among the indigenous communities. The lack of integration of local people’s understanding and needs in policymaking is resulting in rapid environmental degradation in the region. Climate change is becoming a serious threat to agriculture, forests, fisheries, and food security situation in Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh. High temperatures and uncertain rainfall decreases the production of crops by reducing the length of growing period. Projections show that temperature would be increased by 2.5 °C up to 2050 and the rise in temperature would cause frequent and prolong heat waves that can decline the crop production. The security of people, community, and the nations is decreasing due to climate change. Expectation is that the consequences of climate change will increase livelihood insecurity, food insecurity, poverty, malnutrition, unemployment, lack of safe drinking water and water borne diseases in Bangladesh. Climate change equally affect all the people but indigenous. Security, people in CHT are going to be more vulnerable because of their more closeness to the nature. Temperature rise will significantly reduce the yield of agronomic crops, water, and natural resources. Sustainable crop production under changing climate is a key challenge to the hill people of Bangladesh. That’s why, adaptation measures are required to reduce the climate vulnerabilities. The indigenous people of CHT may make the use of their own wisdom and accumulated knowledge gathered from the predecessor over time to adapt to changing climate. The negative effects of climate change may be minimized by developing heat tolerant cultivars and some modification in current production technologies.