Stakeholders Role to Combat Climate Change: Initiatives Adopted and Resource Integration in Response to Sustainable Development Goal 13 in Pakistan
摘要
Despite contributing only 0.9% to global greenhouse gas emissions, Pakistan ranks 1st in the Global Climate Risk Index 2025, making it highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This effect is realized through multiple catastrophic incidents and climate-induced natural calamities, such as flooding, severe changes in rainfall patterns, rising temperature, droughts, melting of Himalayan glaciers, and rising cases of dengue, a vector-borne disease. The governments in Pakistan and other societal stakeholders have responded to these effects by taking various policy initiatives and introducing programs to mitigate climate change and its consequences. The chapter provides a descriptive analysis of the initiatives adopted by the government and other societal stakeholders in an integrated effort to attenuate the effects of climate change and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 in Pakistan. It also unveils the challenges and issues multiple stakeholders encounter in executing the policies and laws framed to counter climate crises. An in-depth analysis of secondary data sources comprising research papers, journal articles, government reports, surveys, and official documents from local and international organizations served as the basis for the study. The study contributes toward community development by advancing the knowledge of how the government in Pakistan and its allies, both local and international, can effectively legislate and implement climate change-induced policy frameworks. It also reveals that despite collaborative efforts by various stakeholders and institutions, climate-related problems have yet to be effectively resolved since such platforms are primarily being used to serve the interests of key government administrators and prominent elites. Lastly, it offers suggestions to policymakers and practitioners to develop context-relevant policy interventions and effective implementation strategies to overcome climate change-induced issues for a sustainable environment.