Introduction
摘要
Turbulent flow over rough surfaces or walls is an ubiquitous phenomenon in science with broad practical engineering applications. From the standpoint of mechanical engineering, the discussion of rough wall turbulent boundary layers typically begins with the extensive work of Darcy (1857)Darcy, H. on turbulent flow in pipes cited above. However, the phenomenon of turbulent flow over rough boundaries has broad application throughout engineering. Some examples are cited in this chapter.