Peripheral nerve compression neuropathies represent a prevalent and significant concern that can profoundly affect hand function and overall quality of life. This chapter focuses on the intricate anatomy of peripheral nerves, shedding light on their structure and organization within the upper extremity. It thoroughly examines the various biomechanical forces these nerves encounter as they make their way through the complex landscape of the upper limb. We will explore the spectrum of nerve injuries, detailing how different degrees of trauma can impact nerve integrity and function. Special attention will be given to biomechanical studies focusing on key nerves, such as the median, ulnar, and radial nerves, highlighting their distinctive pathways and vulnerabilities. Furthermore, this chapter discusses how specific biomechanical forces can instigate detrimental pathophysiological changes within the peripheral nervous system. The relationship between these forces and the resulting alterations in electromyographic (EMG) characteristics will also be analyzed, offering insight into how nerve health is assessed and monitored through electrical activity. The aim is to provide the readers with a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted biomechanical factors that influence the health of peripheral nerves and their vital role in hand function and, consequently, in enhancing patient diagnosis.