The final settlement of investment capital for completed projects represents one of the final and critical stages in the construction investment management process. For projects funded by public investment capital, this procedure is legally mandated upon project completion or when implementation is permanently terminated. In Vietnam, the regulatory framework governing the final settlement of public investment capital in construction has, to a large extent, fulfilled management requirements, eliminating expenditures that exceed prescribed norms, incorrect unit prices, and misapplied policy regimes-thereby contributing to savings in the state budget. Nevertheless, the process still encounters several challenges, including inadequacies in the legal documentation system, limitations in the capacity of project owners and contractors, and issues related to the decentralization of capital management-all of which negatively impact investment efficiency. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the current status of the final settlement of construction investment capital from public investment resources, identifying existing shortcomings and their underlying causes, and proposing recommendations aimed at enhancing the efficiency of public investment.