Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) is a high-yielding, perennial forage crop widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its adaptability, palatability, and nutritional value. It propagates both sexually and apomictically, with propagation often limited by seed dormancy and low germination rates. Breeding efforts are challenged by apomixis, polyploidy, sterility, limited genetic diversity, and complex floral biology. Despite these constraints, a combination of conventional breeding methods—such as clonal selection, hybridization, and recurrent selection—and modern approaches like marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, QTL mapping, and CRISPR/Cas9 hold promise for trait improvement. Genetic resources are being conserved globally, with over 900 accessions in India and 3699 worldwide. Continued research on stress tolerance, particularly for heat and drought, and integrated management of biotic and abiotic challenges, is essential. Enhancing nutritional traits and resilience through breeding innovation and germplasm utilization will reinforce the role of Guinea grass in sustainable forage-based livestock production systems.