Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) is a summer legume grown in tropical and subtropical regions. In general, guar is used in broader aspects such as human consumption, cattle feed, medicinal purposes, laxatives, religious purposes, industrial, and other uses. Guar is popular because it contains galactomannan, known as guar gum. Despite its significant potential, the breeding efforts are insufficient due to the limited information on its genetics and genomics. Negligible works have been done on guar quality, disease resistance and genome editing, genomic selection, high-throughput phenotyping, and data science. In this modern breeding era, breeders are robustly using modern techniques to reduce the breeding cycle and enhance genetic gain. The first half of this chapter covers the traditionally used genomics. The other half shows the potential of novel genomic tools with the integration of data science. This chapter provides the opportunity for the reader to learn from the past inventions and failures to implement the new genomic tools with high precision and efficacy. This current chapter summarizes the progress made in efficient utilization of the available genomic resources, development of linkage maps, and mapping population involving molecular markers followed by the discussion on improvements made in breeding of disease-resistant and enhanced quality cowpea. This chapter has also provided special insights for the adoption techniques like genome editing including CRISPR-Cas9, genomic selection, high-throughput phenotyping, and speed breeding in guar that can contribute for the expedition of its genetic improvement. This can also help in understanding the complex nature of some quantitative traits involved in improving the quality of forage and providing better response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The authors Anju Biswas, Lovepreet Singh, and Sangram Singh Sandhu have been contributed equally to his work.