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This chapter introduces topographic indices describing local elevation variability and terrain roughness—such as TPI, EP, TRI, and VRM—highlighting their relevance for geomorphological mapping, habitat modeling, and quantitative terrain analysis.

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Topographic Indices—Part 1: Neighborhood Relative Elevations and Terrain Roughness

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Adriano Rolim da Paz

摘要

This chapter introduces topographic indices describing local elevation variability and terrain roughness—such as TPI, EP, TRI, and VRM—highlighting their relevance for geomorphological mapping, habitat modeling, and quantitative terrain analysis.