Green nanoparticles (GNPs) play a crucial role in contributing economic and sustainable benefits to agriculture by supporting eco-friendly practices and reducing the environmental footprint. Synthesis of GNPs using biological methods, such as microorganisms and plant extracts, is cost-effective and minimizes reliance on harmful chemicals. Their applications, including nanofertilizers and nanopesticides, improve resource efficiency by enhancing crop yields, reducing input costs, and minimizing waste. This chapter summarizes innovations that impact sustainable agricultural practices by improving agricultural productivity, reducing costs, and conserving the environment. However, challenges such as production scalability, life cycle assessment, and standardization in production processes must be addressed for the successful integration of GNPs into agriculture. Also, manufacturing GNPs often depends on natural reducing and capping agents, which are sustainable but require optimization for large-scale production. Furthermore, end-of-life management of GNPs is a critical issue, as their environmental fate and potential accumulation in ecosystems require further investigation to ensure long-term sustainability. Advancing research into the synthesis, application, and disposal of GNPs will enhance their role in achieving a sustainable and economically viable agricultural future.