A submanifold \(\phi :M\rightarrow \mathbb E^{m}\) is called biharmonic if it satisfies \(\Delta ^{2}\phi =0\) identically, according to the author. Vein independently, G.-Y. Jiang studied biharmonic maps between Riemannian manifolds as critical points of the bienergy functional, and proved that biharmonic maps \(\varphi \) are characterized by the vanishing of the bitension \(\tau _{2}\) of \(\varphi \) . During the last three decades, there has been a growing interest in the theory of biharmonic submanifolds and biharmonic maps. The study of H-submanifolds of \(\mathbb E^{m}\) was derived from biharmonic submanifolds by only requiring the vanishing of the tangential component of \(\Delta ^{2}\phi \) . In 2014, R. Caddeo et al. named a submanifold M in any Riemannian manifold “biconservative” if the stress-energy tensor \(\hat{S}_{2}\) of bienergy satisfies \(\textrm{div}\, \hat{S}_{2}=0\) . Caddeo et al. also showed that a Euclidean submanifold is an H-submanifold if and only if the tangential component of \(\tau _{2}\) vanishes, and hence the notions of H-submanifolds and of biconservative submanifolds coincide for Euclidean submanifolds. The first results on biconservative hypersurfaces were proved by T. Hasanis and T. Vlachos, who called such hypersurfaces H-hypersurfaces in 1995. Since then, biconservative submanifolds have attracted many researchers, and a lot of interesting results have been obtained. This article aims to provide a comprehensive survey of recent developments on biconservative submanifolds, done mostly during the last decade.

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Recent Development in Biconservative Submanifolds

  • Bang-Yen Chen

摘要

A submanifold \(\phi :M\rightarrow \mathbb E^{m}\) is called biharmonic if it satisfies \(\Delta ^{2}\phi =0\) identically, according to the author. Vein independently, G.-Y. Jiang studied biharmonic maps between Riemannian manifolds as critical points of the bienergy functional, and proved that biharmonic maps \(\varphi \) are characterized by the vanishing of the bitension \(\tau _{2}\) of \(\varphi \) . During the last three decades, there has been a growing interest in the theory of biharmonic submanifolds and biharmonic maps. The study of H-submanifolds of \(\mathbb E^{m}\) was derived from biharmonic submanifolds by only requiring the vanishing of the tangential component of \(\Delta ^{2}\phi \) . In 2014, R. Caddeo et al. named a submanifold M in any Riemannian manifold “biconservative” if the stress-energy tensor \(\hat{S}_{2}\) of bienergy satisfies \(\textrm{div}\, \hat{S}_{2}=0\) . Caddeo et al. also showed that a Euclidean submanifold is an H-submanifold if and only if the tangential component of \(\tau _{2}\) vanishes, and hence the notions of H-submanifolds and of biconservative submanifolds coincide for Euclidean submanifolds. The first results on biconservative hypersurfaces were proved by T. Hasanis and T. Vlachos, who called such hypersurfaces H-hypersurfaces in 1995. Since then, biconservative submanifolds have attracted many researchers, and a lot of interesting results have been obtained. This article aims to provide a comprehensive survey of recent developments on biconservative submanifolds, done mostly during the last decade.