This chapter advances five key purposes for contemporary vocational education and training (VET). Whilst there exist far longer lists of those purposes, based on a program of research over the past three decades, these five are selected as being those that address current imperatives for VET, including opening opportunities for making decisions about, engaging, and progressing in this important educational provision. They comprise, firstly, engaging young people and their parents/caregivers and informing them impartially about VET, assisting them identify their preferred occupations, then securing initial occupational preparation. Now, many governments are requiring that VET graduates of all kinds are to be ‘job ready’, including those that do not have extensive work experience or placement components within them. So, opportunities are required to secure these kinds of outcomes. Consequently, accessible and effective provisions of continuing education and training are needed to support workers’ learning, particularly when they are negotiating changing work roles or new occupational practices, thereby fostering accessibility and progression. It follows, being innovative needs to be promoted through VET which is a necessary requirement for both workers and workplaces. Workers needing to continually learn to secure their employability and advancement and enterprises transforming their procedures and practices are both premised on innovations.