System-of-systems (SoS) are a class of large-scale distributed structures across domains such as defense, transportation, and healthcare, characterized by inherent complexity, operational autonomy, and emergent behavior, thereby posing substantial challenges in their design, specifically in maintaining resilience, adaptability, and dynamic reconfiguration. This paper presents an in-depth investigation into resilience and adaptability within the context of cyber-physical (CPS) and IoT-based SoS, combining qualitative narrative analyses with systematic bibliometric methods. The first phase consists of a critical synthesis of the most relevant and prominent literature, including a detailed, manually-done interpretation of full-text documentation examining recurring definitions, underlying concepts, adopted taxonomies. These insights inform the second phase, which applies a quantitative approach to a curated corpus of research, aiming to identify trends, influential works, and emerging themes in said field. The study covers 1,517 publications from 2010 to 2025, a time span selected to capture both the historical evolution and the current state of the art. Data was collected from four major scientific databases: IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, CrossRef, and Semantic Scholar. Particular attention is given to resilience-oriented properties such as dynamic reconfiguration and adaptability as novel SoS engineering methodologies, in this regard, are discussed. Through this dual-phase analysis, the study identifies existing research gaps and challenges related to complexity management, interoperability, and the development of evolvable architectures in IoT-driven SoS. The findings contribute to a clearer conceptual framing of resilient IoT-SoS and provide future directions for research in self-adaptive and fault-tolerant SoS design.