Although women are integral to public institutions in Bahrain, the public work environment is not operating to its full potential to support their productivity and well-being. Although a considerable body of literature has addressed workplace design, little is centered on how physical work environment factors like lighting, ventilation, noise, office layout, and aesthetics affect the performance of female employees. Therefore, the present research explores the correlation between workplace design and productivity of women working in government institutions in Bahrain. A quantitative methodology is employed through a questionnaire survey to collect data from 393 Bahraini female employees working in different public organizations in the country. The study analyzed important aspects of the workplace such as workspace design, temperature, ventilation, noise, privacy, and job satisfaction. To identify the factors that significantly influence women’s job performance, both descriptive and inferential analysis were employed. Results show that lighting, noise level, and workspace privacy are the top three physical factors impacting female employee satisfaction and productivity. Though thermal comfort and aesthetics in the workplace also affected satisfaction levels, the magnitude of the influence was less. This research highlights the need for workspace privacy and noise control in open-plan offices, as distractions may affect the ability to concentrate and being more productive. These findings help to evolve and inform a workplace design framework that is evidence-based and focused on improving female workers performance in the public sector. Therefore, contributing to Bahrain Vision 2030 and SDG 8 by promoting a more decent and inclusive workplace that supports women’s professional and economic growth.