Electrocoagulation (EC) process is a promising technique for treating wastewater contaminated by petroleum discharges. Electrocoagulation offers a unique advantage over traditional treatment methods by employing electrical currents to destabilize and remove pollutants without the extensive use of chemical additives. This chapter explores the underlying mechanisms of electrocoagulation, including the formation of flocs through electrode dissolution, and examines the operational parameters critical for optimizing treatment efficiency, such as current density, pH, and electrode materials. Case studies are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of EC in removing hydrocarbons, suspended solids, and heavy metals from petroleum-contaminated water, with a focus on the scalability and environmental impact of the process. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the potential of electrocoagulation as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative for managing petroleum wastewater, addressing both its challenges and future applications in the oil and gas industry. Electrocoagulation (EC) is gaining significant traction as a versatile and efficient technique for the treatment of petroleum-contaminated wastewater. This advanced process leverages the principles of electrochemistry to destabilize and remove a wide range of pollutants, including emulsified hydrocarbons, suspended solids, and dissolved heavy metals, which are commonly present in oilfield discharges and refinery effluents. Unlike traditional coagulation methods that rely heavily on the addition of chemical coagulants, EC utilizes electrically induced dissolution of metal electrodes (typically iron or aluminum) to generate coagulating agents in situ. This not only simplifies the treatment process but also reduces the overall chemical footprint and secondary sludge production.