Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer and is highly malignant. Male prevalence and frequent activation of the Ras signaling pathway are distinct characteristics of HCC, and garlic contains bioactive substances that have substantial anticarcinogenic effects via several pathways, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and stimulation of the angiogenic cascade [1–5]. The nutritional and therapeutic benefits of garlic are well-known. Among the numerous phytoconstituents of garlic, certain compounds, including SAC, allicin, DAS, SAMC, DATS, and DADS, have strong anticancer activity [6–9]. Derivatives of garlic and their nanoformulations resulted in altered expression levels of numerous genes associated with the regulation of important signaling pathways, including the JNK, Akt/PI3K, p38, MAPK, EMT, Wnt, p53, ERK1/2, NF-κB, Nrf2, STAT3, and Chk1/cyclin B1 in human carcinomas [10–13]. In preclinical cancer models, bioactive constituents of garlic and their nanoformulations decreased the cell proliferation, adhesion, apoptosis evasion, migration, invasion, and metastasis of several cancer types.

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Garlic in Hepatocarcinogenesis

  • Ivan A. Ross

摘要

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer and is highly malignant. Male prevalence and frequent activation of the Ras signaling pathway are distinct characteristics of HCC, and garlic contains bioactive substances that have substantial anticarcinogenic effects via several pathways, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and stimulation of the angiogenic cascade [1–5]. The nutritional and therapeutic benefits of garlic are well-known. Among the numerous phytoconstituents of garlic, certain compounds, including SAC, allicin, DAS, SAMC, DATS, and DADS, have strong anticancer activity [6–9]. Derivatives of garlic and their nanoformulations resulted in altered expression levels of numerous genes associated with the regulation of important signaling pathways, including the JNK, Akt/PI3K, p38, MAPK, EMT, Wnt, p53, ERK1/2, NF-κB, Nrf2, STAT3, and Chk1/cyclin B1 in human carcinomas [10–13]. In preclinical cancer models, bioactive constituents of garlic and their nanoformulations decreased the cell proliferation, adhesion, apoptosis evasion, migration, invasion, and metastasis of several cancer types.