Importance of International Regulatory Standards for Solvent and Stable Banking Sector—The Case of North Macedonia
摘要
Bank regulation in North Macedonia has undergone gradual but meaningful change, mostly due to the country’s intention to align with international financial standards. This paper examines how domestic regulatory policies have intersected with the application of Basel Standards (Basel I–V) frameworks, particularly in shaping capital adequacy requirements and managing systemic risk. Based on qualitative analysis of institutional data, the paper finds that while larger banks appear more capable of integrating international frameworks, smaller banks often fall short due to technological, operational costs, or administrative constraints. Moreover, although most banks comply on paper, their practical risk governance structures sometimes lack consistency or depth. The findings suggest that progress has been made, especially regarding capital adequacy, capital buffers, credit risk management, and liquidity planning.