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Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells recognize lipid antigens, such as α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), presented on CD1d, leading to the production of cytokines. C-Glycoside analogs of α-GalCer have garnered attention due to their stability in vivo and their superior therapeutic effects in disease models, including anti-malarial and anti-tumor activity, compared to native α-GalCer. The carbon linkage of C-glycosides is fundamentally inert to glycosyl hydrolases, but the loss of hydrogen-bonding ability and changes in conformational distribution may influence the biological activity. Recent advancements in the synthesis of C-linked α-GalCer have facilitated the creation of new C-glycoside analogs. This review summarizes the evolution of synthetic strategies and the biological activities of the obtained C-linked α-GalCer analogs.

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Synthetic Strategies and Immunological Evaluation of C-Linked α-Galactosylceramide Analogs

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Makoto Yoritate,
  • Go Hirai

摘要

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells recognize lipid antigens, such as α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), presented on CD1d, leading to the production of cytokines. C-Glycoside analogs of α-GalCer have garnered attention due to their stability in vivo and their superior therapeutic effects in disease models, including anti-malarial and anti-tumor activity, compared to native α-GalCer. The carbon linkage of C-glycosides is fundamentally inert to glycosyl hydrolases, but the loss of hydrogen-bonding ability and changes in conformational distribution may influence the biological activity. Recent advancements in the synthesis of C-linked α-GalCer have facilitated the creation of new C-glycoside analogs. This review summarizes the evolution of synthetic strategies and the biological activities of the obtained C-linked α-GalCer analogs.