Ultrafast Raman fiber lasers have emerged as one of the most effective technologies for generating short optical pulses at specific wavelengths, experiencing significant advancements over the past decades. However, achieving both high pulse energy and short pulse duration in Raman lasers remains challenging, a capability more readily realized in conventional rare-earth-doped ultrafast fiber lasers. This chapter provides an overview of three primary ultrafast Raman fiber laser technologies: mode-locking, synchronous pumping, and nonlinear optical gain modulation (NOGM). Each method is examined in detail, with a focus on its unique technical features and associated challenges. Notably, recent progress in NOGM technology is highlighted, as it offers several advantages, including structural simplicity, long-term stability, high pulse energy, and short pulse duration. This chapter aims to illustrate the developmental trajectory of ultrafast Raman fiber lasers and offer insights into the latest technologies, potentially fostering broader applications for these lasers.