This chapter critically analyzes diverse conceptualizations of populism, challenging the prevailing assumption that populism necessitates a national framework. Examining various approaches—strategic, discursive, stylistic, and ideological—the work demonstrates how traditional populism scholarship implicitly or explicitly naturalizes the nation-state as its reference frame. Drawing primarily on Ernesto Laclau's theoretical framework, the chapter advances an understanding of populism as a political logic wherein “the people” emerge through equivalential chains of unfulfilled demands rather than through pre-existing national identities. This theoretical reframing opens possibilities for conceptualizing populism beyond national boundaries. The chapter proposes a typology distinguishing between national, transnational, and global populisms, arguing that emancipatory populist movements can potentially transcend national borders to address global challenges. Through rigorous examination of populism's ontological foundations, this analysis provides theoretical groundwork for understanding contemporary political movements that operate across traditional geopolitical divisions, offering an alternative to the predominant focus on exclusionary national populisms.