This chapter explores the social and environmental impacts of sustainable energy development, focusing on renewable energy projects’ roles in addressing poverty, generating employment, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and improving public health. Using a mix method, statistical methods were applied to analyze data from renewable energy projects across various regions, investigating social variables such as employment rates, poverty levels, and health outcomes, as well as environmental factors like air quality improvement and greenhouse gas reduction. Findings revealed that 60% of renewable energy projects contributed to poverty reduction by creating employment opportunities, with 20% increases in employment rates, particularly benefiting marginalized groups such as women. These projects achieved a 30% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and improved air quality by 25% in urban areas transitioning to renewable energy, reducing respiratory diseases and other health concerns. However, challenges such as policy gaps, regulatory inefficiencies, and environmental trade-offs were identified, with 15% of projects facing land use conflicts and habitat disruptions. Addressing these challenges requires inclusive employment strategies, technological innovation, and climate adaptation programs. Policymakers must focus on gender equity, technological investments, and sustainable planning to balance social equity with environmental preservation. This chapter offers evidence-based insights and practical recommendations for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners seeking to support sustainable energy transitions while maximizing social and environmental benefits. It highlights the interconnectedness of renewable energy projects, social equity, climate change mitigation, and environmental sustainability.