Access to energy is fundamental to improving livelihoods and achieving sustainable development across both rural and urban areas. In sub-Saharan Africa, however, rapid urban growth and infrastructural limitations continue to hinder progress towards attaining the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7, which focuses on ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. This chapter examines the impact of energy access on low-income households and disadvantaged communities, with a focus on addressing energy poverty and its implications for socioeconomic development. Using a qualitative, document-based research approach informed by access theory and grounded in a pragmatic paradigm, the chapter analyses energy policies and innovative solutions aimed at bridging the energy gap. Various case studies from 47 sub-Saharan African countries highlight how tailored national strategies, decentralised renewable energy systems and international partnerships are reshaping regional energy landscapes. Findings underscore that energy poverty remains pervasive, especially among low-income households, reinforcing rural-urban divides while negatively affecting health, education and livelihoods. However, successful projects from across the continent show that effective energy access strategies are rooted in community engagement, targeted subsidies, capacity building and collaborative governance. Regionally, West Africa is advancing solar, wind and biomass initiatives; East Africa is leveraging geothermal and biogas solutions; Central Africa is expanding hydropower; and Southern Africa, particularly South Africa, has implemented large-scale programmes like the renewable energy independent power producer procurement programme. Ultimately, the chapter proposes innovative strategies for expanding energy access in low-income and marginalised communities, emphasising the role of renewable energy solutions in fostering sustainable development.