Should empirical research demonstrate that PM drugs are subject to market failure due to reduced markets resulting in diminished returns on investment, strategies aimed at enhancing returns, whether based on extended or customised regulatory exclusivities for a specific personalised medicine innovation, transferable exclusivity vouchers, or other direct economic incentive mechanisms, may offer a solution. In the event of evidence indicating a stagnation in fundamental research, the implementation of push incentives may also prove to be a pragmatic course of action. Tools aimed at increasing market prospects and securing future revenues may be useful for products which may inherently suffer from either smaller or limited markets. Alternatively, non-exclusivity based economic incentive mechanisms can be deployed to incentivise specific innovation.