Virtual Surgical Planning for Reconstruction of Large Upper Extremity Bone Defects
摘要
Virtual surgical planning has become an invaluable tool for complex upper extremity reconstruction, especially in cases requiring correction of alignment, contour, and length restoration. Recent advancements in three-dimensional modeling and computer-aided design have allowed surgeons to achieve unprecedented precision and customization in upper extremity reconstruction. By facilitating customization of cutting guides and preoperative hardware placement modeling, virtual surgical planning mitigates intraoperative variability, minimizes operative time, and can improve both aesthetic and functional outcomes.