This chapter explores the dynamics of governance and activism in the Tindouf refugee camps, emphasizing the emergence of new political actors challenging the authority of the Polisario Front. It examines the sociopolitical transformations driven by internal dissidence and the Sahrawi diaspora, highlighting key movements like the Sahrawi Revolutionary Youth Movement, Khat al-Shahid, and the Sahrawi Initiative for Change. By addressing issues such as human rights violations, corruption, and governance failures, these actors advocate for democratic reform and alternative solutions, including the Moroccan autonomy plan. The findings underscore the potential for grassroots activism to catalyze governance reform and propose pathways toward conflict resolution and improved refugee welfare. During the last decade, the refugee camps around Tindouf in southwestern Algeria have seen the emergence of protest movements and citizen initiatives launched either by youth activists such as the “Sahrawi Revolutionary Youth Movement,” “Assomoud” (resistance), and the Forum Forsatin, or by former senior officials of the Polisario front such as “Khat al-Shahid” (Line of the Martyr), the “Sahrawi Initiative for Change,” and “the Sahrawi Movement for Peace.” These initiatives were launched on the one hand to confront the human rights violations perpetrated by the Polisario Front leaders against the sequestered population for nearly 48 years, by publicly denouncing the heinous and abominable crimes that have been perpetrated against innocent Sahrawis, and on the other hand to express their opposition to the bad governance of the political-economic system in place involved in “torture, violations of human rights, corruption, clientelism, tribalism, and for bargaining with the sufferings of the Sahrawi people” in relation to many cases of misappropriation of international aid discovered and denounced in 2015 by the European Union’s anti-fraud office. This chapter aims to study this new situation in the Tindouf camps, characterized by the burst in the political field of the Sahrawi separatist movement of new organizations at the margins of the official structures of the “government” of the Polisario Front. This new surge, which is certainly a clear response to a situation of political vacuum and desperation, will eventually lead to the transformation of governance from a failing, illegitimate regime to new emerging actors. This study will particularly analyze how these complementary and/or alternative organizations are imposing themselves as important actors not only within the Tindouf refugee camps but also in the diaspora. It will also focus on how these new actors respond to the aspirations of citizens who yearn for more freedom on the one hand, but also demand that other options be considered, such as the Moroccan autonomy plan, among other political solutions to end this long-lasting conflict and eventually put an end to their suffering.