This chapter examines the multifaceted development of sociology during the Weimar Republic as a period of institutional expansion, theoretical diversification, and acute engagement with the crises of modernity. Rather than a marginal or an underdeveloped discipline, Weimar-era sociology emerged as a dynamic and contested field that reflected and shaped contemporaneous debates on democracy, capitalism, culture and identity. Sociologists responded to political, economic, social and cultural disruptions with competing diagnoses and visions, influenced by their intellectual traditions and ideological orientations. Sociology in this period professionalised and institutionalised itself while assuming a key role as a form of critical self-observation of modern society. The professional self-reflection that was set in motion continues to offer valuable insights into social processes, making the study of Weimar sociology relevant far beyond historical interest—it speaks to core concerns of contemporary societies grappling with crises of meaning, order and legitimacy.