This chapter argues that General Zia-ul-Haq’s Islamization policies (1977–1988), inspired by an Islamist vision of Islamic polity, polarized Pakistani women’s political participation and heightened the discourse on women’s political rights between the secular, Islamic feminists and religious and conservative circles. The Islamic character of Pakistan, being the raison d’être of the nationalist movement, was used by the Islamists to construct conservative beliefs regarding women’s rights and promote laws based on gender discrimination. This meant that the rulings of the Quran and some hadith (traditions of the Prophet) related to women’s social status were interpreted and commentated by the Islamists in a de-contextualized form to promote discrimination against women. The attempts by Islamic feminists and secularists at developing alternate discourses on women’s rights derived inspiration both from divine laws and from principles of universal human rights. It brought Islam and women’s political participation to the forefront of debates that are still relevant in the case of Pakistan. Against the backdrop of alternative and contending debates on women’s political rights during Zia’s time, this chapter argues that the different ideological positions, including the Islamic feminist and secular ones, may be complemented to offer meaningful space for political participation for Muslim women.