This chapter shows how evolutionary economics reframes public policy as a process of continuous adaptation, experimentation, and institutional learning. It contrasts traditional models—focused on static optimization and short-term control—with a dynamic framework rooted in complexity, diversity, and coevolution. Drawing on the book’s three-layer approach, it demonstrates how policy design can integrate behavioral realism, methodological pluralism, and systemic responsiveness. Case examples from innovation, finance, health, labor, and trade illustrate how evolutionary strategies such as variation, selection, and feedback can guide more resilient and forward-looking governance in uncertain environments.