This chapter illustrates that the early modern Russian Church did not condemn gay sex as a discrete form of sexual sin. It makes three observations. First, early modern terms that are commonly assumed to describe gay sex as sinful were not used in straightforward ways. In particular, words for "sodomy" never described homosexuality in any unambiguous sense, but rather they often condemned sexual violence or abuse. Second, on the whole the Church did not treat homosexual sins any differently from myriad common forms of heterosexual sin. Third, a rare first-person account of a gay sexual encounter provides further proof that there was a lack of any sin words to describe homosexuality in practice.