Ticks are a health problem for humans and animals. Because they are vectors of various disease pathogens, their blood-sucking behavior has a direct impact on the economics of livestock production systems. Traditional control relies on the use of chemical ixodicides. However, their application presents limitations, such as environmental pollution, health risks, and the development of resistant tick populations. Faced with these challenges, research into “phytotherapeutic alternatives” has gained significant relevance owing to their ixodicidal and repellent activity against ticks. These compounds have also been considered safe and capable of helping to control tick populations resistant to synthetic ixodicides. However, despite their potential, the practical application of these compounds presents several limitations. In this context, nanotechnology is considered a promising approach to tick control, particularly using nanocarriers to deliver plant-derived compounds. The use of nanoparticulate vectors as controlled-release systems offers several advantages. These include maintaining ixodicidal efficacy at lower concentrations, improving the stability and bioavailability of the active compounds, and enhancing their penetration through biological barriers. As a result, nanocarrier-based delivery systems for alternative phytotherapeutics can increase their efficacy and minimize adverse effects. This chapter explores current findings on the use of nanocarrier-incorporated phytotherapeutic alternatives evaluated against ticks. It also discusses the main challenges and prospects in this innovative and rapidly evolving field.

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Phytotherapeutic Alternatives: New Nanotechnology-Based Approaches to Tick Control

  • Romario García-Ponce,
  • Adriana E. Flores-Suarez,
  • Jesús Jaime Hernández-Escareño,
  • Gustavo Hernández Vidal,
  • José Pablo Villarreal Villarreal,
  • Luis Humberto Díaz García

摘要

Ticks are a health problem for humans and animals. Because they are vectors of various disease pathogens, their blood-sucking behavior has a direct impact on the economics of livestock production systems. Traditional control relies on the use of chemical ixodicides. However, their application presents limitations, such as environmental pollution, health risks, and the development of resistant tick populations. Faced with these challenges, research into “phytotherapeutic alternatives” has gained significant relevance owing to their ixodicidal and repellent activity against ticks. These compounds have also been considered safe and capable of helping to control tick populations resistant to synthetic ixodicides. However, despite their potential, the practical application of these compounds presents several limitations. In this context, nanotechnology is considered a promising approach to tick control, particularly using nanocarriers to deliver plant-derived compounds. The use of nanoparticulate vectors as controlled-release systems offers several advantages. These include maintaining ixodicidal efficacy at lower concentrations, improving the stability and bioavailability of the active compounds, and enhancing their penetration through biological barriers. As a result, nanocarrier-based delivery systems for alternative phytotherapeutics can increase their efficacy and minimize adverse effects. This chapter explores current findings on the use of nanocarrier-incorporated phytotherapeutic alternatives evaluated against ticks. It also discusses the main challenges and prospects in this innovative and rapidly evolving field.