This chapter examines the transformative potential of decentralized energy systems (DES) in addressing Africa’s persistent energy access challenges. It explores how mini-grids, solar home systems, and hybrid models are enabling cleaner, more inclusive, and locally governed energy transitions. Drawing on empirical evidence, regulatory analysis, financing strategies, and participatory models, the chapter underscores the importance of aligning technological innovation with institutional capacity, supportive policy frameworks, and community engagement. Case studies from Africa and other regions highlight successful practices and contextual lessons for scaling DES. The chapter concludes with actionable policy recommendations that emphasize integrated planning, regulatory reform, inclusive financing, and meaningful local participation. By framing decentralized energy as a pathway to sustainable development, this study offers insights for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders seeking to achieve universal energy access and climate resilience across the continent.