To ensure the rational allocation and efficient utilization of parking space resources at civil airports, we establish a multi-objective optimization model aimed at minimizing flight delay costs, passenger walking distances, and idle parking space time. This model is developed by analyzing the fundamental safety operation rules governing parking space allocation while considering constraints such as aircraft delay conditions and the availability of bridge parking spaces during flight delays across various time slots. We propose an improved ECA algorithm that integrates the original ECA algorithm with an elite inverse strategy, enhancing its convergence speed, preventing early convergence, and increasing search diversity, ultimately leading to improved solution quality. The experimental results show that the improved ECA algorithm can optimize the flight delay time and the bridge call rate compared with the original scheme, specifically, the ECA algorithm incorporating the elite reverse strategy can improve the bridge call rate by 3% and reduce the bridge call rate by 72.16 min, and also shows faster convergence speed and stronger global optimization ability, which improves the efficiency of the air transportation, and has great significance for the management of airports and the allocation of the parking space resources. It has practical significance for airport management and parking space resource allocation.