Significant contributors to both regional and global climate change include carbon dioxide (CO2) and tropospheric ozone (O3), which have a significant effect on crop plant development and productivity and are anticipated to have an impact on food production. Plants absorb O3 through their leaves, which causes an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to build up in the mesophyll and protect their cell walls. ROS can impede photosynthetic electron transport and harm the ultrastructure of chloroplasts. O3 has the ability to cause stomatal closure and modify stomatal conductance, which can impede the fixation of CO2. Thus, there is a detrimental impact on the growth and reproductive capabilities of plants. Therefore, the biggest effects of O3 stress on plants are a decrease in crop output and a degradation in crop quality. Increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations will probably lessen the harmful effects of O3 on plants, even though elevated ozone may have a direct impact on the many development and metabolic processes in agricultural crops such as pollination and seed set increased in response to elevated CO2, conversely, O3 adversely impact on plant reproductive features, outweighing the benefits of CO2. Present study highlights the significant risks to agricultural crop production, including the possibility that future yield improvements brought about by higher CO2 concentrations could be offset by a broad increase in O3 concentrations. It also demonstrated how elevated O3 and elevated CO2 affect plant physiology, including disease, growth, yield and the biochemical and nutritional quality of agricultural crops.