The increasing global demand for renewable energy sources has accelerated the adoption of photovoltaic (PV) systems as a sustainable alternative to conventional power generation. As PV panels inherently generate low direct current (DC) voltage, inverters play a critical role in converting this DC power into alternating current (AC) suitable for grid integration. Multilevel inverters (MLIs) have emerged as a promising solution due to their ability to enhance power quality, improve efficiency, and minimize total harmonic distortion (THD). Traditional Transformer-based MLIstransformer-based MLIs, while effective, suffer from drawbacks such as increased size, weight, and cost. In contrast, transformer-less inverter topologies have gained significant attention for their ability to reduce system complexity, enhance power density, and improve overall efficiency. However, a major challenge in transformer-less inverters is the presence of leakage currents caused by variations in Common-mode voltagecommon-mode voltage (CMV) across the parasitic capacitance between the PV panel and the ground. To address these challenges, various innovative topologies have been proposed, including switched-capacitor (SC)-based inverters and hybrid configurations that optimize voltage-boosting capabilities while minimizing leakage currents. These advancements ensure improved reliability, better power quality, and enhanced grid compliance.